The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormons) was founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith in upstate New York. Smith claimed to have received visions and translated the Book of Mormon, which he presented as another testament of Jesus Christ. The LDS Church emphasizes modern revelation, missionary work, family-centered theology, and strict moral standards, including abstinence from alcohol, tobacco, and premarital sex. Early persecution forced members to migrate westward, eventually settling in Salt Lake City, Utah. Today, the LDS Church has about 6.8 million members in the U.S. and over 16 million worldwide, with a strong focus on missionary service, genealogical research, and temple worship.

Jehovah’s Witnesses originated in the late 19th century under Charles Taze Russell in Pennsylvania. They are known for their distinctive teachings, including rejection of the Trinity, insistence on God’s Kingdom as the only solution to world problems, and refusal to participate in politics or military service. They are also known for active door-to-door evangelism and strict organizational discipline. Jehovah’s Witnesses practice abstention from blood transfusions and celebrate no traditional Christian holidays. Today, there are around 1.3 million active members in the United States and over 8 million worldwide.

The Seventh-day Adventist Church emerged in the mid-19th century from the Millerite movement in New England, which predicted the imminent Second Coming of Christ. Officially organized in 1863, the church emphasizes the Sabbath on Saturday, healthy living, education, and global missionary work. Adventists adhere to conservative dietary principles, often vegetarianism, and emphasize holistic health. They also place strong importance on Bible study and prophecy. Today, the Seventh-day Adventist Church has around 1.2 million members in the U.S. and more than 25 million worldwide, with extensive networks of schools, hospitals, and humanitarian organizations.